There are a number of useful strategies for multiplication. On the multiplication chart above, we might think that there are 144 facts to learn, but there are less because of this commutative property for multiplication. For example, the array of stars earlier shows 3 × 5 = 15 and 5 × 3 = 15. It does not matter in which order we multiply, we get the same result. In this multiplication table the shaded numbers show the multiples of 4 up to 12 × 4. Fluency in this case means the ability to instantly recall these multiplications. You should be fluent with multiplication up to 12 × 12 as shown in the following multiplication table. We can show multiplication using an array of objects. For example, the multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and so on, as shown on the number line below. Skip counting by a particular number gives us the multiples of that number. For most of us, our first experience of multiplication was learning about multiples. The basis of all multiplication is the ability to multiply single-digit numbers.
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